https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/8986 Wed, 13 May 2026 06:04:11 GMT 2026-05-13T06:04:11Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/21360 Indigenous political participation in Peru: A history of racism, exclusion, and violence Espinosa, A.; Janos, E.; Mac Kay Fulle, Arturo Martin Peru is a country that was built upon ethnic and racial divisions, which had their origins in the time of the Spanish settlement. This division has established the way in which some social groups have accessed power, while others have remained aside. On the opposing side of the line are, in fact, the ethnic and racial groups that have been considered "indigenous". This gap between the high-and the low-status groups (among which the indigenous are considered) leads to a difference in the way both groups are granted access to the different spheres of power. Undoubtedly, throughout the country's history, this distance has conditioned the way in which indigenous groups have participated in the Peruvian political activity, and additionally the way in which they relate to the Peruvian government. This way, throughout history, the participation of the so-called "indigenous" groups has gone through a lack of political interest phases and through others of resistance to a politically centralized power that, traditionally, segregates them. Today, the relative modernization of the Peruvian government, as well as the incorporation of some of the demands of these groups, have allowed access to conventional mechanisms of political participation: (1) through the opening of public institutions and norms that have given the so-called indigenous groups a voice to participate in the government, and (2) through the presence (a minority, in fact) of some members of these groups that have been granted a place in the legislative power. Nevertheless, this conventional participation seems to be insufficient, and proof of this is the fact that, today, the struggles are taking place not only through conventional mechanisms of participation. Conversely, the resistance is still being channeled through social movements and community-based organizations, within a non-conventional space. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/21360 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/19563 Astrobiology: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy Chon Torres, Octavio Alfonso; Peters, Ted; Seckbach, Joseph; Gordon, Richard Astrobiology is an exploding discipline in which not only the natural sciences, but also the social sciences and humanities converge. Astrobiology: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy is a multidisciplinary book that presents different perspectives and points of view by its contributing specialists. Epistemological, moral and political issues arising from astrobiology, convey the complexity of challenges posed by the search for life elsewhere in the universe. We ask: if a convoy of colonists from Earth make the trip to Mars, should their genomes be edited to adapt to the Red Planet’s environment? If scientists discover a biosphere with microbial life within our solar system, will it possess intrinsic value or merely utilitarian value? If astronomers discover an intelligent civilization on an exoplanet elsewhere in the Milky Way, what would be humanity’s moral responsibility: to protect Earth from an existential threat? To treat other intelligences with dignity? To exploit through interstellar commerce? To conquer? Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/19563 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/18136 Astrobioethics Considerations Regarding Space Exploration Chon Torres, Octavio Alfonso “Astrobioethics Considerations Regarding Space Exploration” discusses a number of questions about space exploration that begin to emerge in the context of astrobioethics, the area of study that examines the moral implications of astrobiological research. Thus, this chapter will address the following questions: (1) Are we the guardians of life in the universe? (2) Can we be morally empathetic to possible extraterrestrial life forms? (3) Is the discovery of life elsewhere in the universe a key factor in the improvement of the human condition? (4) Can becoming multi- or interplanetary beings mean that we finally unite as humanity? (5) Should we avoid at all costs any possible attempt to communicate with other possible civilizations in the universe? Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/18136 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/18121 Astrobioethics: Epistemological, Astrotheological, and Interplanetary Issues Chon Torres, Octavio Alfonso The themes that arise as we enter the philosophical discussion on astrobiology are many and diverse. Of all these, ethics is presented as a rather complex one. Therefore, astrobioethics is the branch of philosophy and astrobiology that is responsible for studying the moral implications of the search for life in space. In this chapter I will analyze three fundamental aspects: epistemological, astrotheological, and interplanetary issues. Each has its own field of discussion and questions that need to be addressed, so that our new small step for mankind does not end up crushing the life we find in the universe. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/18121 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z