UAV, GNSS, total station, and data management applied to an ancient clay structure as a historic building information modeling proposal: a case study of Huaca Arco Iris (Trujillo, Perú)

Abstract

In light of current risks and environmental impacts, HBIM (historic building information modeling) offers a highly efficient and interactive method for managing historical data and represent- ing the current states of ancient clay structures. In this study, traditional geodetic techniques were employed to digitally locate a structure without compromising its topographic information to create an accurate model. Tools such as total stations, GNSS receivers, and UAVs were utilized to generate detailed topography of the study site and its surroundings. An ontology-based data management structure was also developed to store historical data and site intervention projects, adhering to the ISO 12006-2 standard. This was achieved through automated scripts in Dynamo softwarev.2.18.1. A comparison between the point cloud (279 images) and total station data (600 points) revealed a georeferencing accuracy difference of +/−0.003 m. Consequently, the developed methods can effec- tively represent similar structures digitally. The proposed ontological structure facilitates automated storage of internal and external information.